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Ever since Jacob Burckhardt, among Renaissance students, the theme of "the discovery of the individual" has been one of the most contentious issues as the pivotal ground for political and social interactions between Renaissance individuals and society. Unlike prevalent studies which have focused on the perfunctory opposition between individual and corporate, this dissertation examines how the Renaissance constructed a new sense of "selfhood." Particularly, in order to "historicize" the problem of the self without having recourse to "essentialism" or socio-cultural "determinism," this study concerns itself with one's discursive relation to social worlds, by conceptualizing selfhood as the nexus between the individual and outer worlds. Methodologically, this study adopts a new textual approach that draws special attention to the process of textual representing, rather than traditional approaches, which have been devoted to revealing the meaning of the contents embodied in any text. This new reading of a text, by considering author, text, and society as an inseparable continuum, enables us to gain access to the discursive textual interpretive process, in which an author conceives of himself as the object of his perceptive scheme. In light of the above perspective, the novelty of Renaissance selfhood, which Poggio Bracciolini, an Italian humanist of the early Ouattrocento, manifested, lies in an individual's "objectification" of his self. For elucidating this point, the present study begins with the discussion of Poggio's ontological philosophy as the epistemological ground for his self-fashioning, and then, explores his figurative, literary self-representation construed in his relation to outer worlds. The final chapter compares Poggio's self-fashioning with that of his younger contemporary, Leon Battista Alberti. As a cultural and intellectual history, the dissertation claims that in Quattrocento Italy, significant socio-political and intellectual changes, ultimately controlling one's self-fashioning, took place, and Poggio's new sense of selfhood testifies to these changes, by revealing the specific way of self-making in which Poggio constructed his self-image within the context of his socio-cultural relations, based on his keen awareness of the double-ness of a self both as a subject and an object.

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Societies have always struggled to determine what is right in providing for those at the low end of the economic spectrum; now that America has seen an enormous gulf open between those with the most and those with the least, the question becomes a campaign issue and a frame for how we define America's values. What is the difference between a minimum wage and a living wage, a fair wage and a just wage? How are they the same and how do they differ?Citing case studies and statistical analyses, the author explores the root causes of inequality and poverty, and compares efforts in the United States and the UK to address those problems. He considers what the principal religions have to say about poverty and inequality, and traces the evolution of the "just wage" tradition. In a review of American policy, he shows that the idea of a living wage was central to policy initiatives promoted by early advocates of the welfare state. In the wake of clear failures of the welfare system as it now stands, he urges we focus our attention again on the living wage, a promising instrument for economic justice and a means of contributing to general prosperity as well. "Material conditions in America make it appealing to people the world over, and anything we do to make it a better place makes it more so. But that is fulfilling our history, from the Puritan wish to "build a city on a hill" forward. Should we reject expanding freedom of speech or building better schools because that might attract more immigrants? No. And we need to adopt a living wage for everyone who works in this country." Jerold Waltman is a professor of political science at Baylor University. He is the author of four previous books, including The Politics of the Minimum Wage (2000), and the editor of three others. His articles have also appeared in a number of professional journals along with magazines and newspapers.

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